Articles

Notes on music, craft, and the era

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Techniques

Ensoniq Mirage: a $1,695 sampler

The Mirage made keyboard sampling attainable through a $1,695 price and strict limits: 128 KB, two banks, a two-character display and a physical disk library for working musicians.

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Techniques

Sampler vs drum machine: the difference

1980: the Linn LM-1 - the first drum machine with samples. That same year the Roland TR-808 - analog drum synthesis. Fairlight CMI, Emulator II, Akai S900 and MPC - four instruments, four relationships between sound and rhythm. A difference table and practice in Italo Disco, hip-hop and synth-pop.

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Italo Disco

Space Disco vs Spacesynth: One Genre or Two?

1977: Didier Marouani and Space release "Magic Fly" (UK #2). 1985: Koto records "Visitors" and critics call it spacesynth. The two terms are often blurred, but the eras, geography, vocals and instrumentation differ. Five real distinctions using Space, Koto, Laserdance and Rofo.

Synth-pop

Soviet synth-pop: 15 recordings

1986: “Bioconstructor” plays at the Moscow Rock Laboratory. Zodiac from Riga, Alyans with “Na zare”, Electroclub with Tukhmanov - fifteen Soviet synth-pop recordings from 1980 to 1992. Polivoks, Aelita, tape albums and the Melodiya label.

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Tracks

“Lilac”: an original Disco Magic track

26 April 2026: Disco Magic & valex77 publish “Siren” (Lilac) - 4:31 in Italo Disco and Eurodance styles. The fifth track of the “Forgotten Melody” album, the English version “Lilac” runs two seconds longer. The duo of Alexey Shepelev and Alexander Vorobiev.

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Eurodance

Modern Eurodance: 15 artists

February 2025: Julie Bergan releases EURONITES - an EP in the 90s Eurodance formula. Cascada, Lasgo, Nathalie Aarts, MHM, 7dance - fifteen projects releasing fresh Eurodance in the 2020s. Three renaissance factors: TikTok, production accessibility and the collector community.

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Artists

“Around My Dream” Silver Pozzoli

1985: Silver Pozzoli releases “Around My Dream” on Many Records. Germany №9, France №21, South Africa №1. One melody that outlived the era. A breakdown: Silvio Pozzoli, recording, charts, versions, reissues and why a four-note melody won't let go forty years later.

Culture

How to spot an Italo Disco bootleg

500 euros for an original Savage “Don't Cry Tonight” on Discomagic - or 30 euros for a bootleg. How do you tell an Italo Disco bootleg from an original? Seven signs: matrix, label, vinyl, cover, catalog number, pressing country and price. A checklist with examples of Italian releases.

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Labels

Panarecord: an independent Italo label

The 1980s: in Milan, Panarecord operates - an independent Italian label releasing Italo Disco for the European market. It did not reach the scale of Discomagic, but played a notable role in the ecosystem of independent labels. A breakdown: catalog, distribution, export through ZYX and the decline with the genre.

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Artists

Brian Ice: “Talking to the Night”

1984: on the Memory Records label, Brian Ice's “Talking to the Night” is released - Italo Disco with vocals by Fabrizio Rizzolo and production by the Turatti/Chieregato team. Memory Records - the label of Koto and Hipnosis. A breakdown: production network, vocal substitutions and the track's place in the Italo Disco canon.

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Producers

Larry Pignagnoli: Spagna and Fun Fun

July 31, 1951: Alfredo Pignagnoli is born - “one of the pop maestros of Italy” according to BMG. As Larry Pignagnoli he wrote hits for Fun Fun, Spagna, Whigfield's “Saturday Night” (№1 UK, Guinness record) and Benny Benassi's “Satisfaction”. Forty years, one studio, one formula.

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Techniques

How MIDI changed 80s music

February 1, 1983: Dave Smith connects a Prophet 600 and a Roland Jupiter-6 with a MIDI cable. In four years, MIDI will transform studio production: synchronization, sequencers, multi-timbral rack synthesizers. From the Atari ST to General MIDI - how one standard rewrote music.

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Techniques

E-mu Emulator II: an iconic sampler

1984: E-mu Systems releases the Emulator II at $7,995 - an 8-bit sampler with SSM2045 analog filters. Peter Gabriel, Pet Shop Boys and Depeche Mode preferred it over the $30,000 Fairlight CMI. A breakdown: architecture, sound library, 15 recordings and comparison with the Fairlight.

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Techniques

80s drum machine samples: the law

1980: Roland TR-808 at $1,195 - analog synthesis, no samples. Oberheim DMX at $2,895 - digital samples in EPROM chips. 80s drum machine samples: what is legal to use, and what is a gray area. A breakdown of synthesis vs. recording, EPROM copying and sample packs.

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Italo Disco

What is spacesynth: melody and rhythm

1985: Koto releases “Visitors” - a fully instrumental track with a sample from “Thriller”. A year later Laserdance records “Humanoid Invasion”. Spacesynth - a subgenre of Italo Disco without vocals, with a synthesizer melody replacing the voice. A breakdown of the genre: Koto, Laserdance and track structure.

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